![]() ![]() It was during this time that Malcolm dropped Little as his surname and adopted “X,” to symbolize his ancestral name, lost through slavery. He became a minister, one of the chief organizers, and a spokesperson of the Nation,” Zaheer Ali, lead researcher for Manning Marable’s Pulitzer Prize-winning biography Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention, tells Teen Vogue. “For 12 years of his life he was in the Nation of Islam. While serving a prison sentence for robbery, from 1946 to 1952, 20-year-old Malcolm was introduced to the teachings of the Nation of Islam (NOI). She lost her home, and her children, Malcolm included, were put in foster care. Later, a judge ordered that Louise be sent to a mental institution, where she remained institutionalized for 25 years, until 1963. According to her obituary in the New York Times, her financial-relief checks were frequently withheld as local officials pressured her to sell her land. ![]() ![]() An insurance company refused to pay out the policy, claiming Earl's death was a suicide, which led to Louise’s acceptance of federal relief money. The death of his father had a drastic and lasting impact on Malcolm’s family, financially and emotionally. In September 1931, Earl was killed in what police said was a streetcar accident. ![]()
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